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The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 75
We think that the whole of ‘the expert evidence goes to prove that the cylinder was properly made and valved, and, generally, a good and reliable one, and that it would have been perfectly safe when charged with the usual quantity of gas, 1,800 pounds to the square inch, which is only about half the pressure that the cylinder had been subjected to previously.
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quarter ofan inch, did burst with the intense heat, showing that it is not advisable to have them made of too stout a material. Ifa bottle fully charged be dropped into boiling water at a temperature of 212° Fahr., it would ‘only i increase the internal pressure to about 155 atmospheres—to 2,325 Ibs. to the square inch.
We understand that a cylinder out of the same
A Tube sippleine chlorate gas from duplex pump.
B C DE Gas controlling taps.
F G Receivers for oxygen gas, charged alternately from 80 to 90 atmospheres.
H [JK Trial taps
L Hydraulic pump for displacing gas at 120 atmospheres into customers’ cylinders, MN O,
We may add that Dr. Dupré, Mr. Kenneth 8. Murray, Mr. Henry F. Brier, and all experts upon the subject, speak most decidedly as to the safety of cylinders when charged to the standard pressure, and with pure gases. Innumerable experiments have been carried out with a view to prove this; some cylinders have been thrown from heights varying from 35 to 50 ft., valves have been knocked off in transit, and cylinders charged with oxygen have been in burning buildings, in some cases the intense heat has melted the solder around the valve, and allowed the gas to escape, in other instances the cylinders have been intact, although bulged by the the increase of pressure inside caused by heat, but not a single trace of the gas has escaped. We believe one cylinder of abnormal thickness, viz., a
ee 7 L477; CL SDT Ly /
Wty Gi
P Q Gauges for checking pressure.
S T are valves for allowing the water after displacing the gas, to run to waste into sink R.
U V Valves for open‘ng connection to either displacer.
W Inlet valve to pump.
batch as the one that exploded was tested to the bursting point, and it only gave way to a pressure of 500 atmospheres, equal to 7, 500 lbs to the square inch—surely enough margin for" safety.
Dr. Dupré in further testing a piece of the steel cut lengthways from the exploded bottle, found the elastic limit to be 25°15 tons=58,240 lbs. per square inch. Breaking strain, 30-16 tons =69,440 lbs. per square inch. Extension on a 3 inch piece 13-2 per cent. and a piece cut transversely to the length, elastic limit, 34:11 tons= 76,160 lbs. per square inch. Breaking strain, 35:19 tons=80,640 lbs. per square inch. = Eixtensi on 1} in. piece 18 per cent. He was of opinion that the bottle had been ripped open by a sudden force acting from the interior with