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OXY-ETHER AND HYDRO-CARBON LIGHTS 93 partitions reaching from the bottom to the top, and in plan arranged as in fig. 54. This being partially filled with ether, the space above the fluid left a long sinuous course for the gas to traverse, which gave full saturation. With this tank the oxy-ether light is certain and safe under skilled management. But it appears to possess special dangers of its own, and the few oxy-hydrogen explosions which have happened during late years have been with this form of light. Not one has been directly fatal; but in the panic after one at Chadderton, a poor child was trampled to death. In that case I am convinced that, by some carelessness, ether had been allowed to trickle down the connecting tube to the oxy- gen-bag itself, thus converting the oxygen into an explosive mixture. This accident produced two extra precautions in the apparatus used. 51. Safety Chambers.—One of these was the pumice safety-valve or chamber of Mr. Broughton, which is the only real safety-chamber I am acquainted with. It is made by filling a brass tube about half an inch in diameter, and say three-quarters of an inch in clear length, with pumice-stone granulated into particles of a certain size. This is best pre- pared by passing pounded pumice through a double sieve of wire gauze, using gauze No. 40 and No. 50. The coarser particles are stopped by the top sieve, and those too fine go through the lower; the particles remaining between are the proper size. The pumice is kept in place by a piece of wire gauze each end of the chamber, resting on shoulders or flanges; and the chamber should be made so as to take to pieces easily for refilling, and, if used with rubber tube, with nozzles over which this can be stretched. No ordinary explosion can pass whilst in order. Eigid experiments^ have determined this. But if a vi| small explosion) should take place i] be stopped by it, the latter may be partially p'ulfei^d an(