Optic projection : principles, installation and use of the magic lantern, projection microscope, reflecting lantern, moving picture machine (1914)

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CH. XV] DEMONSTRATING REFRACTIVE EYE DEFECTS 667 =T — S FIG. 394, 395. FIGURES SHOWING THE APPEARANCE OF THE RADIAL LINES AND OF PRINTED MATTER WHEN AN ASTIGMATIC LENS is IN Focus FOR HORIZONTAL LINES. [Ml ASTIGMAII15M YMIIIUI, IMOO l'lillii«ii|ilil«Ml li.tM«.n Ilium n| HIM U.iy.,1 'nn.li.lv. IMIII !'(. 111 -111 H*ll||IIIMlUinnl tllH |.|»«lMlllllM \\l MllU'iialUiH M. Aity, IIUM» IH Vlll l| III ' FIG. 396, 397. FIGURES SHOWING THE APPEARANCE OF THE RADIAL LINES AND PRINTED MATTER WHEN THE ASTIGMATIC LENS is IN Focus FOR VERTICAL LINES. Figures 394-397 were made by adding a +.5 cylindrical lens to a +5.5 diopter photographic objective, and the cylinder was placed with its axis vertical in fig. 394-395, and horizontal in fig. 396 and 397; no change was made in the focus of the objective. The aperture of the objective was F/i6 when the photograph was made. As shown in figures 395-397, Gothic print seen through an astigmatic lens is clearer when the axis is such that the vertical lines are in focus. This is because the vertical lines are more numerous than the horizontal lines.