Optic projection : principles, installation and use of the magic lantern, projection microscope, reflecting lantern, moving picture machine, fully illustrated with plates and with over 400 text-figures (1914)

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i6o HELIOSTATS FOR THE MAGIC LANTERN [Cn. VI FIG. 85. DIAGRAM SHOWING THAT THE ELEVATION OF THE CLOCK-SHAFT AT AN ANGLE EQUAL TO THE LATITUDE OF A PLACE WILL MAKE THE CLOCK-SHAFT PARALLEL WITH THE EARTH'S Axis. EQ Equator of the earth. Axis Axis The earth's axis with the north pole of the earth above and the south pole below. N P The earth's north pole. S P The earth's south pole. 42.5° Latitude of Ithaca, New York, U. S. A. h h Horizontal lines, that is, tangents to the earth's surface at the two latitudes shown (42.5° north, 30° south). Z Zenith. A A Clock-shaft elevated from the horizon an amount equal to the latitude. If continued toward the equator the clock-shaft would meet the plane of the equator at right angles, hence it is parallel with the earth's axis and points toward the celestial poles. A h Latitude (42.5° north and 30° south). A Z Co-latitude (47.5° north, 60° south). § 255. Finally, a hcliostat constructed for the northern hemisphere would work equally well for the southern hemisphere if it were attached to the ceiling (i.e. wrong side up) instead of being on a table or window-sill right side up, for this change in position would make the clock-shaft rotate in the counter-clockwise direction, as. seen from above.