Optic projection : principles, installation and use of the magic lantern, projection microscope, reflecting lantern, moving picture machine, fully illustrated with plates and with over 400 text-figures (1914)

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462 REFLECTION OF DIFFERENT SCREENS [CH. XII The cloth screens were not so satisfactory as the ground-glass because the crossing threads make a kind of grating and one sees diffraction images ; and if one is in direct line with the arc lamp the cloth acts almost as if it were transparent. The translucent mercerized paper used in making tracings is practically as good as ground-glass, but it is difficult to hold it smooth and even. The tracing cloth used by architects and engineers is good for a translucent screen. There is a practical difficulty with all translucent screens. On account of the poor reflection, the operator cannot tell with the same certainty when the image is in focus as with a white, opaque screen. § 632. Table of the reflection of different screens compared with magnesium oxide. No. At 15° At 45° At 60° 1 Magnesium Oxide 100 83 2 Plaster of Paris 95.6 88.7 78 3 Cardboard 84.5 67 4 White Lead 88.5 79.4 5 Century Company's White 89.4 81 6 Zinc Paint 84.4 76.5 7 Aluminum Paint on Card 210 18 8 Zeiss Metallic Screen, smooth .... 136 14 9 Mirror Screen 200 10 White Muslin, Reflection 73.4 69.1 66.9 Transmission 39 30 11 Gauze, Reflection 33 27 Transmission 35 12 Ground-Glass, Transmission 300 14.2 13 Bristolboard, Reflection 91.5 § 631a. For example, in the anatomical institute at Munich. Here all the projection, whether with the magic lantern, the projection microscope or the opaque lantern, is upon a translucent screen; also in some of the lecture rooms in Holland.