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476 DIRECT CURRENT UNITS [Ca. XIII
DIRECT CURRENT UNITS
§ 655. The Volt. — This is the unit of electromotive force, that is the electric force or pressure necessary to produce one ampere of current in a circuit with a resistance of one ohm.
The difference of potential between the two poles of a Weston standard cadmium cell is i.o 19 volts. The ordinary battery used for ringing door bells has approximately one volt pressure.
Voltage is a general term representing the pressure in volts in an electric circuit.
If the difference of pressure between the two given points is great, then the voltage is said to be high; if the difference is slight, then the voltage is low. For example, in projection one might use 55 volts for the arc lamp, or 220 volts, or 500 volts. Ordinarily neither the low voltage of 55 nor the high voltage of 500 or 220 is used, but an intermediate voltage of no.
§ 656. The Ampere. — This is the unit of current. It is the current which will deposit .001118 gram of metallic silver per second from a 15% solution of silver nitrate in water. It is the current which one volt will maintain in a circuit with one ohm resistance (see below).
Amperage is the term by which is designated the amount of
current in amperes flowing at any given moment. If a large amount of current is flowing the amperage is said to be high or great, if a small amount, then it is said to be low or small. For
example, in projection, the amFIG. 253. CONNECTIONS OF A VOLT , , .
METER TO MEASURE THE ARC perage needed for drawing with VOLTAGE. the microscope on the house cir
V VcTtnSer. cuit (§ 493) is small (3-6 am
A Arc lamp. peres) , while for opaque pro
R Rheostat. jection (§ 289), and for moving
Note that the terminals of the volt J . ' . fe
meter are connected to the two points pictures (§ 693) in large halls
between which it is desired to measure the amount of amperage needed
the potential difference. In this case . . .
it is the two carbons (across the arc), is great (20 to 100 amperes ).