Optic projection : principles, installation and use of the magic lantern, projection microscope, reflecting lantern, moving picture machine, fully illustrated with plates and with over 400 text-figures (1914)

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BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY 683 District Court of New York in 1913, and this decision confirmed by the United States Circuit Court of Appeals of New York in 1914. (See in the Bibliography). Muybridge's first pictures were made by the wet collodion process, but his Philadelphia work was done with the new, rapid gelatino-bromide plates. He used many cameras, sometimes 24 in a row to get different phases of a motion, and sometimes the cameras were arranged in groups to get the movement simultaneously from different points of view. In 1 88 r he gave demonstrations of his pictures in Europe, and projected the synthesis on the screen with the lantern, the first demonstrations being in the physiological lecture room of Marey, the French master of investigating FIG. 410. THE MOVING PICTURE PROJECTOR or UCHATIUS. (From the Sitz. Berichte d. k. Akad. Wiss., z. Wien. Math. Nafur. CL, Vol. X, 1853) This shows some of the pictures with the individual objectives directed to the same point. The lime light and condenser and the crank for moving them from picture to picture are also shown. animal movement by the graphic method. From that time on Marey took hold of the photographic method for the analysis and synthesis of animal motion with the greatest enthusiasm. Instead of the batten' of cameras used by Muybridge, he adopted the system of the French astronomer, Janssen, using a single camera and objective, but taking many pictures on a single plate. In 1887, he used the roller films on paper, and immediately that they were available, the celluloid films devised by Goodwin. In this way pictures could be made in a long series. Not only did Marey use the ribbon films but he devised a special camera for doing so, and a projector for showing the ribbon pictures on the screen.