Practical cinematography and its applications (1913)

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96 PRACTICAL CINEMATOGRAPHY There have been many explanations of this extraordinary effect, and in one instance the higher mathematics were pressed into service without any great success. The most convincing explanation known to the writer is that given him by Monsieur Lucien Bull, the assistant- director of the Marey Institute, where phenomena of this class are minutely investigated, because they accord with the work of that unique and admirable institution. By Monsieur Bull the illusion was explained very easily, but, curiously enough, in carrying out the experiments to this end, he encountered another illusion equally strange. To reduce the explanation to its simplest form we will suppose that a wheel has four spokes spaced equidistantly, that is, 90 degrees apart, and that the wheel is moving from right to left. As a matter of fact such an example is not the best for the purpose, but it shall be taken merely because it is the simplest to understand. An exposure is made, the wheel being photographed in the position shown in Fig. 3. The lens is eclipsed by the shutter, and the film is jerked downwards into position in the gate so as to bring a fresh unexposed surface before the lens. While this operation is taking place, we will suppose that the wheel, continuing its forward movement, completes one quarter of a revolution.