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THE FILMIC COMPONENTS 99
because the entire action must be repeated for each new camera setup.
It is suggested that the single-setup method be indicated for television screen plays. At the same time, the full shot must not be cluttered up with too many people or things. Television's small screen militates against the practice.
In pictures with urban backgrounds, the full shot can be used to achieve an effect of mass and multitudinous activity. In the British film It Always Rains on Sunday an excellent impression of the market in London's Petticoat Lane was obtained with a full shot. With the camera on a boom, so that it was able to move in from the general effect of the full shot to the specific details revealed gradually in a fluid succession of uncut long shots, medium shots, and close shots, the effect of dynamic violence was heightened because it was contrasted with the static quality of the background scenics.
The full shot has tremendous dramatic possibilities in urban scenes, especially when it is made from an extremely high angle, as from the top of a building. In Rossellini's Germany —Y ear Zero, and in Carol Reed's The Fallen Idol, full shots— taken from high balconies— of a small boy crossing the street served to emphasize the helplessness of each lad when contrasted with the engulfing vastness of the city's streets.
When suggesting such high-angle shots for a television script, the screen writer should keep in mind the fact that the figure of the person seen on the street must be large enough to be identified. This identification can be assured by giving the person some easily discernible prop— a white scarf, a large picture hat, or the like.
Because the quality of scenic backgrounds is usually static, it is often more desirable to obtain a sense of movement by moving the camera in a slow, panning sweep, to follow the action taking place in the foreground or middleground. This is often resorted to in Westerns. The same sense of movement was obtained in the aforementioned Petticoat Lane shot, not by panning, but by dollying in to more detailed, closer shots.