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112 A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF SCREEN PLAYWRITING
to indicate, whenever making a long pan, that the "CAMERA HOLDS" on various important elements included in the pan shot's purview. This will give the film cutter definite places in which to cut in particularizing close shots or close-ups without being forced to do so in a moving shot— a virtual impossibility. The same applies to any and all moving-camera shots.
The pan shot is more time-consuming than the straight shot because it may require a number of n.g. takes, resulting from the operator's inability to follow the action and hold it centered. For that reason, there should be far fewer of them in a television film screen play than in a screen play for theater presentation. The television script writer should not avoid them completely but resort to them only when they are absolutely necessary.
The tilt shot
In addition to being able to pan horizontally, the camera can also pan perpendicularly, both up and down, in what are termed "tilt shots." Thus, the tilt is an ideal device for catching important falling or rising action.
If it is important to reveal a prop falling from a table to the floor, for instance, to show it rolling under a chair and being hidden, indicate a close shot on the prop on the table, then, "as Joe's arm nudges the brass ring off the table, the CAMERA TILTS DOWN to catch the falling ring." The roll of the ring under the chair may have to be shot separately and cut in, to make certain it will be photographed exactly where it is required.
The tilting-up shot is often used to photograph a person getting up from a chair, or from any sitting position, provided it is necessary to show the action in a continuous flow. When this isn't necessary, the action is often shot in two parts, the first showing the person starting to get up from one angle, and the second showing him completing the action. The entire action, though, is taken in each shot, but the film editor will trim off the tail end of the first shot and the opening frames of the second, and splice together the two shots, thus getting the whole action from two different angles.