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THE FILMIC COMPONENTS 1 17
Re-establishing dolly shot. In the same way, if a scene ends on a revelation close-up which is the last of a series of close-ups, and which is not to be dissolved through to the succeeding scene as a transition device, it is essential to reorient the audience to the place in which the close-up occurs, and to the general action, of which the subject in the close-up was only a small detail. It is therefore obligatory for the camera to pull back from the close-up to a medium shot to re-establish the scene with the audience.
"Obligatory" is what is meant, for if the shot is to end a scene, it is best to use a moving device, such as a dolly, which would carry the action forward with the succeeding scene, rather than a static, movement-interrupting device, such as a direct cut. This type of shot is ideal for television film use in which reorientation after a close-up is so vitally important.
Travel vs. pan. One reason for using a traveling dolly shot instead
of a pan is that, in the latter, the subject's size grows progressively
smaller or larger, depending on whether the subject is coming to,
f or going away from, the camera. It may be essential, though, to
i carry the subject large-size for some time, in order to obtain certain
physical details, such as realistic expressions or gestures. Then,
1 again, it may be necessary to record certain lines of speech from
j the subject while he is in motion, in which case the sound level
would have to diminish in direct ratio to the subject's diminution
in size.
Therefore, a traveling dolly shot would be required so that the image size and the voice volume would remain constant. Even then, if the movie-house or television picture is to be cheaply produced, it might be possible to avoid the dolly shot simply by resorting to the use of a long focal-length lens pan, providing only a few feet of footage of the action are required, and no sound is to be recorded. For, with a long, focal-length lens pan, it is possible to set up the camera some distance from the subject and still get an enlarged image, because of lens magnification. Sound would not be possible because the sound boom, on which the microphone is installed, would be in camera range. This is definite: If the photographed action requires a considerable amount of footage and if sound is absolutely necessary, then a traveling dolly shot is in order. Crowd scenes on a city sidewalk, in which a certain character is