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140 A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF SCREEN PLAYWRITING
then it will be necessary, in the shot that shows the finished product, to bring out the exact time in the dialogue, as for example, "You've wasted a whole week on that toy!" from the builder's wife or mother. This problem of establishing the exact elapsed time is vital to the audience's appreciation of what is going on. When a time lapse occurs, they must always be given to understand exactly how long a period of time "some time later" is.
Dialogue time lapse. The calendar gimmick does it with dates, the clock with clock hands and numerals, and the newspaper headline series with publishing dates or well-known events. But there are many time-lapse devices which do not have these aids. In such cases the exact time must be given in dialogue, either before the time lapse begins, or after it has taken place.
For example, the dialogue can say: "I'll see her after I do the dishes." Now, if we dissolve through from the woman at the kitchen sink to the same woman in the bedroom talking with her sister, the audience will know that the time elapsed was the amount necessary for the woman to have washed her dishes.
Another example: if a character is to travel from New York to Bombay, and if the audience is given some idea as to how that trip is to be made by means of a montage of planes, trains, autos, etc., they will also be given an intimation of the amount of time that has elapsed when they next see the traveler, in Bombay. Some time before the time-lapse montage begins, the character should be permitted to say something on the order of, "I'll be writing you my first letter from Bombay."
Exact time-lapse realism. This business of establishing the exact time in a time lapse can become quite important in creating a sense of realism, or in destroying it entirely. In Panic, a French picture, the hero was seen dangling by one hand from the roof of a high building. Following this shot came a close-up of a neighbor telephoning the fire department for help. Then came a dissolve and, immediately on its heels, the arrival of the fire department's hookand-ladder brigade, clanging fire bells and all.
Because no exact time had been established, it appeared to the audience that the arrival of the hook-and-ladder crew was most fortuitously accelerated— and the result was a loud, collective guffaw