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THE FILMIC COMPONENTS 153
montage 2. the dissolve or wipe montage and 3. the superimposed montage.
Direct-cut montage. The direct-cut montage is simply a series of quick shots spliced together which, because of their relation in the number of frames used for each, convey a single impression to the audience. It is used when neither a lapse of time nor a geographical and spatial movement is to be indicated.
Thus, in order to impress the audience with the simultaneous group reaction of a number of people to a certain dramatic scene, a montage of a series of staccato, individual close-ups of their reactions can be spliced together to give a sort of sum total, mass reaction.
Where it is necessary to give the impression of fast action taking place in one geographical location and over a short period of time, the direct-cut montage is also suggested. In Kramer's The Champion, a series of quick direct cuts, showing gloved fists flying, heads reeling from blows, powerful lunges, and the like, were strung together to give the impression of what took place in an entire prize fight.
Dissolve montage. The dissolve or wipe montage is used, in the main, to connect a series of action shots to indicate an actual change from place to place and over an extended period of time.
An interrelationship is achieved because, as the frames of the preceding shot fade out, the opening frames of the succeeding shot are blended in.
Using this device, it is possible, for example, to show how a certain character traveled from Chicago to New York by bus, from New York to London by boat, from London to Paris by plane, and from Le Bourget airport, in Paris, by taxi, and then by foot to a bistro in a Montmartre cul-de-sac.
Montages save money. In modestly budgeted pictures, it is possible to show the characters as actually being in each means of conveyance. In writing such montages for cheap-budget movie-house and television films, however, it is possible to resort to the use of stock shots of vehicular exteriors without showing the character in the conveyances. One or two of the shots may be photographed with