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THE FILMIC COMPONENTS 157
it would be more advantageous, in orienting the audience to the exact length of the time lapse, to resort to a montage sequence connected with a series of dissolves.
From six to ten feet of extra film must be shot to furnish the optical department with sufficient footage with which to effect a dissolve. The length of the dissolve depends entirely on the action involved. If a long period of time is to be indicated, a slow dissolve would be suggested by the writer; a shorter space of time would be indicated by a quick dissolve.
Do not dissolve out on one scene and dissolve in to the same scene at the same angle later. The practice is frowned upon. Try to dissolve in on an entirely different scene or angle. If you cannot, dissolve out with a time-lapse dissolve on the order of a close-up of the moving hands of a clock, or night-and-day windows and the like, and you will accomplish your purpose.
Out-of-focus dissolve. There is still another type of dissolve which is used mainly for match dissolves. Instead of diminishing the light content of the last frames of film, they are thrown out of focus first —with a blurred effect— and are then dissolved into the opening frames of the succeeding scene which have been similarly blurred.
This type of blur, by the way, can be used quite effectively in other situations and not necessarily for dissolve purposes. It can be used subjectively— for example, to indicate a blacking out by a wounded or dying character. What he sees— a person hovering over his bed, or a scene (shot usually from his viewpoint, at a low angle) —is blurred out on the screen, thus creating the illusion of what is going on in the character's mind. In Lady in the Lake this device was used whenever the detective was conked on the bean, to indicate his journey to nowhere.
Very slow dissolves should not be used in television films. When viewed on a home television screen, such slow dissolves become magnified and tend to slow up the forward flow. They are also misleading in that they may leave the viewer with the mistaken notion that his television set has blanked out.
Wipes. Shorter time intervals can be taken care of with what is known as a "wipe." With this effect, a transition is made by means