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158 A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF SCREEN PLAYWRITING
of having the last frames of the scene pushed off the screen as they are being simultaneously replaced by the first frames of the succeeding scene.
The trend is to avoid the wipe— especially the more complex ones, which will be dealt with later— because it calls attention to itself as a technical device, and thus detracts from the main action. It would be acceptable practice to use a dissolve for time lapses and to resort to the wipe only for purposes of getting a character from one place to another. In this way, if the direction of the wipe— from right to left or from left to right— coincides with the direction of the subject's movement, the wipe will lose most of its obviousness because it will have been integrated into the action of the picture. Thus, if it were necessary to show a person entering a house, without being forced by the exigencies of the plot to show him traversing the number of rooms he will have to cross in reaching his final destination, the use of a wipe to get him, while still in motion, from the door to his destination, would be entirely justified.
Push-off wipes. Another type of wipe used more in commercial and documentary films than in feature pictures is the "push-off" wipe. In this device, which is actually a combination of a wipe on and a wipe off, the first few frames of the scene actually push off the last few frames of the first scene, with an actual line of demarcation being shown, as though a windshield wiper were being drawn perpendicularly across the screen. The trickiness obvious in this effect should militate against its being used in a serious feature picture, and accounts for its having been dropped almost universally after having had a long run in pictures because of its attention-calling novelty.
Special-effect wipes. There are hundreds of variations of this type of wipe available to the picture maker who likes to play with toys. Special-effects technicians can furnish wipes that simulate rain, so that the last frames of the preceding scene are pushed down and off by what appears to be a jagged line of raindrops. In the same way they can supply flame wipes, lightning wipes, smoke wipes, and whirling wipes.
Although, for most purposes, the wipe is virtually proscribed for