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GENERAL PRINCIPLES 35
the various dimensions of the perforated film may fall, but which will be sufficiently close to the chosen standard dimensions to maintain a high quality in the final screen picture. Such a series of tolerances has been laid down by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers and is shown in Figure 7. From this figure it will be readily appreciated that adjusting a perforating machine is, indeed, a highly skilled operation. Special notice should be taken of dimension 'B', known as the film 'pitch', which must be held to within plus and minus 0.0005-inch (0.0127-mm).
Sequence of Operations in Film Production
Having now reached the point when it is possible to describe in detail specific mechanisms and processes used in film production, it is timely to give a very brief outline of the general layout of motion picture practice. For this purpose Figure 8 has been prepared to show, in diagramatic form, the order in which the basic general equipments are used; it will also serve to introduce them in their correct relationship to the complete process. Such a diagram is known in the engineering world as a 'flow sheet'.
It is, of course, understood that, unlike the early work referred to previously, modern studio practice requires that two main processes shall be carried out. Firstly the production of a picture record, and secondly the production of a sound record. These recordings, although originally made separately and on different machines, must eventually be arranged on a single film support and in such relationship that, by the use of a suitable projector, they may be reproduced in perfect synchronism.
Referring firstly to the picture aspect of film production, the most convenient introduction is to follow the path of the negative film stock as shown on the flow sheet. Any negative material suitable for recording the action in the manner required by the Director of Photography is loaded into the picture taking camera. In this illustration Eastman Plus X negative stock has been indicated. Assuming all the necessary lighting, setting and properties have been made available, the camera angles, exposure and any effects which are to be embodied in the shot at this stage have been checked, the Director of the film then passes judgement on the acting and gives the signal for the shot to be recorded.
As most people are aware, film productions are not made by shooting the story in sequence. Usually all those scenes which take place on one setting are shot together and in any order most convenient at the time, afterwards being edited and re-assembled