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38 PRINCIPLES OF CINEMATOGRAPHY
correctly balanced output is obtained from all the microphones in use. The presence of more than one microphone on a set does not necessarily indicate that they will all be in use at the same time it is more likely that they will be 'faded in' in turn as the artistes walk beyond the range of one and into the range of another.
The actual film used in a recording channel depends upon the type of record being produced. (In Chapter 7 you will see that two main types Variable Area and Variable Density recordings are in general use the emulsions used in each case are vastly different as also are the processing solutions through which they must pass). Here it is assumed that a Variable Area 'track' is being made on a film similar to Eastman No. 5398.
As previously explained, synchronism between sound and picture must be assured and recent improvements make possible the recording of a synchronising frequency or constant pitch note on the sound track itself which occurs at the same instant and via the same equipment as is used to illuminate a small 'fogging lamp' in the picture camera but, for the present, we need only understand that perfect synchronism can be guaranteed.
When either the roll of sound recording film is exhausted, or it is required to process that section which has been used, the film magazine which is similar in design, and attached in a similar manner to that on the picture camera may be removed and the film taken to the laboratory for processing. This film is processed in a machine which is mechanically identical with that used to process the picture negative. However, due to differences in the two film emulsions, it is not always possible to use the same solutions and, as will be explained later, when this happens, it is overcome by employing a separate machine for each film.
From the processing machine the film is then passed to the sound printing equipment. As in the case of the picture negative, the sound negative is then placed in the film store and held in readiness for making future copies or for duplicating, if so required.
The relative positions of the picture and sound records as they appear on standard cinematograph film are shown in Figure 9. The total width of the film is 35-mm and, with the emulsion towards the inspector and the sound track on the right-hand side, this width is divided up as follows: From the left-hand edge a distance of 5.047-mm is provided to accommodate one set of perforations, a further 22.05-mm in which to record the picture image, 2.856-mm to accommodate the sound track and the final 5«047-mm to provide for the second set of perforations. To avoid confusion, it is again pointed out that the arrangement shown in