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42 PRINCIPLES OF CINEMATOGRAPHY
made at the head of each reel is transferred to the head of the new positive film. After printing, the positive film is rewound and then placed with the sound negative onto the sound printing machine. The films are threaded into this machine so that the synchronising mark which was transferred from the picture negative to the positive film is now in line with a similar mark on the sound negative. In this manner synchronism between sound and picture is assured. It is worth remembering at this stage that, although the synchronising marks are actually in line with each other, this is only a matter of convenience; they merely represent an arrangement which will provide for the sound to be printed a definite distance in advance of the picture. The reasons for this arrangement will become apparent when the film printing operations are considered in detail and, for the present, it is only necessary to realise that a system capable of maintaining synchronism right through every stage of the process is employed.
After each printing operation the picture and sound negatives are rewound and again passed through their respective machines until the required number of copies has been made. On leaving the sound printer these copies are termed 'married prints' suitable for release and, after processing, are complete in every detail and ready for distribution first to a Trade Showing, then maybe to a West End Release (that is, of course, in the case of British productions) and later to a General Release throughout the Country.
It must not be assumed that a copy used at a Trade Showing will necessarily be used again for each subsequent release; usually new copies are made for every release but the foregoing outline is merely to indicate the manner in which a production passes from the studios to the general public.