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98 PRINCIPLES OF CINEMATOGRAPHY
proceeds, the film will commence to curl again, but will do so in the reverse direction, the uncoated side will become convex and the coated or emulsion side will become concave. This condition is known as a 'positive curl*.
As a result of this effect it is possible to estimate with considerable accuracy the position in the drying cabinet at which the film just commences to dry. It may be taken to be that position where the film has passed from its first curled state and has become reasonably flat. However, it is necessary to continue the drying for some considerable time after this condition has been reached in order to produce films which have been dried sufficiently for them to be wound up immediately upon leaving the cabinet. The film should pass from the first, or 'negative' state, to the reasonably flat condition by the time it reaches the middle of the cabinet.
Brief Processing Notes
It is not the intention, at this stage, to deal in detail with the chemical aspects of continuous processing but, since the 'demonstration* machine has been described in such detail, the following information regarding the actual processing conditions will serve to complete the fundamental considerations of the process. However, it should be remembered that these conditions only apply to this exceptionally small machine which, when compared with most trade processing equipment, is also designed to run at a relatively slow speed.
Development
Under normal conditions the film will run through this machine at a speed of 30-ft (9 14-metres) per minute. When six racks are immersed to their full extent in the developing solution the time of development is 6J minutes. The temperature of the developer must be controlled (by the heated water jacket system previously described) to remain within plus or minus one degree of 70°F.
If adverse atmospheric conditions affect the drying of the film, even when all the available heaters are in operation, the only course open to the operator is to reduce the speed of the machine and, consequently, increase the time during which the film is in the drying cabinet. Such a move will also make it necessary to omit some of the racks in the developing tank completely, since it will still be necessary to maintain the correct development time at a slower film speed.