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PROCESSING MOTION PICTURE FILM 115
fixing properties of the bath. These remarks do not, of course, apply when film such as Kodak Type 5302 is used since such material can be processed without employing an hardening agent.
SENSITOMETRY
So far we have considered quality only from the point of view of 'good processing technique'; by far the greater concern is, of course, the maintenance of photographic consistency in the ultimate results. From the knowledge we have already gained concerning processing equipment and camera technique, it should be apparent that consistently good quality will depend upon three main factors. Firstly, the film manufacturers must be able to supply the camera-man with film of constant photographic speed, that is, film which exhibits little or no 'batch-to-batch variations' so that, for example, should he expose it to an evenly illuminated background, he could expect to obtain similar densities in negatives made from all batches of film. If any speed differences or needs for modifying the processing between successive batches of film do exist, then some means of measuring such differences must be available, and the results of such measurements must be provided to the camera-man and in a manner which he can readily interpret.
To obtain these conditions also requires that the camera-man be capable of understanding the system used by the stock manufacturers in classifying the speed and other characteristics of their products, and also that he should have some reliable means of measuring the illumination of the scenes he is to photograph.
In the past amazing results have been produced by camera-men working entirely from experience; now-a-days most camera-men use 'exposure meters' to measure the subject brightness and to indicate the required exposure when using a particular film of known photographic speed. The well known Weston exposure meters are one range of such instruments which have found great popularity amongst studio camera-men. The exposure photometer distributed by Ilford Limited and known as the 'S.E.I.' instrument is also an exceptionally high quality meter which, having a photometric head, is capable of a variety of uses apart from exposure calculations for instance, it is intended for use in measuring screen brightness and light transmissions through a film or other translucent media. One great advantage of this instrument is its ability to explore very small areas of the scene -it has an acceptance angle of less than 1° so that, when held in the position of the camera, and not close up to the scene as is necessary with inte