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206 PRINCIPLES OF CINEMATOGRAPHY
ideal conditions, both on a sound-film and also on a disc record. The sound film will eventually be used to 'marry' to the final picture of the dance but, during all rehearsals and during the actual floor 'shooting', the disc will be 'played-back' whilst the action is being photographed. Such discs normally carry synchronising sound signals (similar signals having been recorded on the sound film at the time when both film and disc were made). During the floor shooting the sound film recording channels are usually operated also and the sound from the play-back disc is again recorded on film. This rough floor music is of great help to the editors when they eventually 'lay' the final sound tracks and, naturally, also provide a convenient medium to give sound accompaniment to the 'daily rushes'.
The discs used for recording in this way are of acetate cellulose lacquer coated on an aluminium centre support. They are therefore unbreakable and, under ideal conditions of reproduction, may be played back approximately 100 times with ease.
Magnetic Film Recording
Modern developments in this field have lead to the perfection of iron oxide and similar coatings on 35-mm film for use in Studios and on smaller films for the 'narrow gauge' users. The widespread impression that magnetic recording is a new concept is quite wrong -its use dates back to 1898 and is fully described by Dr. O. K. Kolb in a paper in British Kinematography, Volume 15, No. 2, August, 1949.
Much new equipment is now being installed in Studios which not only makes possible recordings of the type usually hitherto made on discs, but also the original recording of actual dialogue. When applied to dialogue recording the process is claimed to effect considerable economies both in materials and man-power.
The well known advantages of magnetic recording are (a) immediate play-back, (b) very remarkable signal-to-noise ratio, (c) erasure of unwanted recordings and (d) use of the same length of film very many times. Whilst no problems are involved when magnetic recordings are used to replace disc equipment, considerable care must be taken when dialogue is recorded to be in synchronism with a picture film since conventional visible markings are not possible. Whilst it is thought that magnetic recordings will soon replace 'photographic' systems within the studios, it is doubtful if they will appear in the final version of a film as it is presented in the cinemas for some years to come.