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16-MM CAMERAS AND ACCESSORIES 341
that the basic cine-camera is no longer suitable for their purposes. It does not necessarily follow that such people then decide to purchase a more advanced type of camera as we shall see later, the effects which most enthusiastic amateurs wish to secure are usually only possible when ingenious gadgets are constructed to meet the individual requirements or when the user has a more or less unlimited income and can afford to have specialised equipment made to order. The number of people in this field, which may be classified as that of the 'serious worker', is quite small when compared with that of the less exacting amateur and it naturally follows that equipment likely to suit their requirements is more expensive and less numerous.
The third section of 16 mm film users are those who work together by associating themselves with amateur Film Societies. Whilst some of these societies are capable of producing very good work particularly when they avoid 'humorous' or highly dramatic story films and concentrate more on the production of documentary, interest and travel subjects past evidence has suggested that a high quality film is more likely to be produced by a serious worker, operating alone, than seems to occur when similar subjects are used by the film societies. It must be realised that the societies referred to here are those formed by small groups of amateurs who, in general, are endeavouring to imitate the professional film Studios, and are in quite a different category from the larger film appreciation groups who are more interested in discussing films made by other people rather than making films themselves. Amateur film societies are usually in a fairly strong financial position when compared with the average lone worker and, therefore, are usually able to acquire the more versatile cameras. However, those societies which show a considerable interest in cinematography as such are usually forced to improvise when effects beyond the capabilities of the equipment are required.
Quite a different class of 16-mm film users are those commercial and industrial organisations which make use of cinematography, either in advertising, instruction within the factory, or for similar purposes. This group are more particularly those companies which employ 'resident' cinematographers as opposed to those which have films produced for them by firms especially engaged upon such work. As this form of cinematography becomes more widely used it is doubtful if the 'resident' photographer will be able to produce films of a standard high enough to compete with those made by the industrial film producing organisations. However, at the moment, a considerable number of such films are being