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350 PRINCIPLES OF CINEMATOGRAPHY
Many of the more simple professional transitional effects, such as horizontal and vertical 'wipes' can also be produced with cameras which include the single frame release feature. It should be understood that the following methods are only intended to show that such effects can be produced with relatively simple equipment and, when compared with the methods used by professional cameramen, are admittedly very laborious.
Let it be assumed that a very simple transition is to be made so that the appearance on the screen is of a thin vertical line passing from left to right and wiping away one scene whilst, at the same time, a second scene is revealed immediately behind this line. Let it also be assumed that it is impossible to shoot the scenes in sequence. If the scenes are required to be in motion during the transition it is essential that they should have been shot as separate scenes and with sufficient footage exposed beyond the point at which the transition is to commence. It will also be necessary to print these scenes onto a second length of reversal film by using the camera as a printing machine. Because of this it will obviously be necessary to use a camera fitted with film spools, as opposed to the magazine type loading, and it is also an advantage if the gate is fairly long and straight.
The two films which carry the processed scenes would then be mounted on a drawing board as shown in Figure 151 so that strip 'A' represents the end of the first scene. By using a long straight-edge and a negative 'spotting' fluid such as 'Photopake' it is then possible to obliterate complementary diagonal sections on each film. Scene 'A' is then loaded in the camera so that the emulsion surface is in front of but facing the new length of unexposed reversal film. The camera is then mounted in front of a uniformly illuminated white screen (preferably an 'illuminating box' carrying a sheet of opal glass) and the films are fed through the camera by the single frame release device. By carefully counting the exact number of frames occupied by the scene plus the transition it is possible to stop the camera at the last frame of the transition. If the camera is fitted with a rewinding mechanism it is a relatively simple operation to rewind the two films to the point at which the transition commenced, then to exchange film *A* and film 'B' and continue the process to print-in the complementary frame sections of the transition and the remaining part of scene 'B'.
If the camera is not fitted with a reversing mechanism it will require considerable care to locate the particular frames within each original film and, in any case, should be done by rewinding