Radio annual and television yearbook (1939)

Advertising — Advertising is carried on fairly extensively by all the leading radio importers and dealers in Portugal. The principal media are the daily newspapers, and it is estimated that the Lisbon newspapers obtain from 80 to 90 per cent of all radio advertising. Sources of Supply — The United States has for many years been the principal source of radio imports, with the Netherlands ranking second and Germany third. However, despite the fact that imports from the United States increased in 1937 by 17 per cent, the American share of the total imports dropped to only 43 per cent, as compared with 51 per cent in the previous year. Patents — There is no patent interference with the sale of American receivers or tubes. With regard to trade-marks, it is suggested that these should be registered in Portugal by the American manufacturer, rather than in the name of the manufacturer's local representative. Tariffs and Restrictions — Radio receivers are classified under Article 651 of the Portuguese Customs Tariff, and are subject to a specific duty of 0.60 gold escudo per kilogram. This rate is subject to a surtax of 20 per cent on sets weighing up to 5 kilograms, and of 5 per cent on those weighing more than 5 kilograms (in accordance with the terms of a commercial agreement with the Netherlands). Short Wave — Local dealers state that it is now practically impossible to sell receivers in Portugal which do not have a short wave band. It is doubted that this band is used to any great extent by the majority of radio owners, but they nevertheless desire it for use on occasions of special interest. Of foreign short wave stations, it is reported that reception of the French and German is best in Portugal, although American, British, and Italian short wave programs also come in well. Reception of the American stations is best after 10 or 11 p.m. Broadcasting — At present there are 24 broadcasting stations in Portugal, of which 2 are owned and operated by the government and 2 by the Radio Club Portugues. Only these 4 are of any considerable importance, the remaining 20 being stations of low power and small coverage, known locally as "amateurs." An additional station, which with a power of 30 kilowatts will be the most powerful in the country, is now under construction for Radio Club Portugues. None of the stations in Portugal have sufficient power to cover the entire country. The government "Emissora Nacional," of 20 kilowatts, is heard in most sections, and the 5 -kilowatt station of the Radio Club Portugues covers Southern Portugal. This latter will be changed to the short wave band upon completion of the new 30-kilowatt stationSets in use — 69,000. Stations — 24. to be, is growing and is subject to development if properly handled. Official statistics showed 215,808 sets in use on January 1, 1938. Approximately 10 per cent thereof are crystal sets. Estimates place unlicensed sets at 150,000. Sources of Supply — The Rumanian market is supplied about 75 per cent by European manufaczturers, 8 per cent by American, and the remainder by domestic industry. Short Wave — All-wave sets have been in demand since 1933 as a result of demonstrable superiority of reception during the summer months over medium band sets. Short wave reception is excellent the year round, and popularity is growing from year to year. Approximately 90 per cent of current sales of imported sets are for those with short wave tuning, as well as about 80 per cent of the domestic. Broadcasting — Two broadcasting stations are operating, "Radio Bucaresti" at Otopeni, near Bucharest, on 823 kilocycles and 12,000 watts, and "Radio Romania" at Bod, on 160 kilocycles, 150,000 watts. Advertising — The broadcasting company has placed all advertising arrangement in the hands of a concern entitled "I. F. A. Gr. Grigorescu" of Calea Victoriei 25, Bucharest. Announcements are made on a musical background. Sets in use — 365,000. Stations — 2. # SPAIN General — While there is no official estimate of the number of sets in use. unofficially it has been estimated at 500,000. Owners of private receiving sets pay a tax of 25 pesetas per annum. Owners of receiving sets in bars, cafes, restaurants, etc., pay a tax of 100 pesetas per annum. Broadcasting — There are low-powered long wave broadcasting stations in almost every town of any size in Nationalist Spain ; they use no call letters, but announce "Radio — " giving the name of the town where located. A few, owned by Union Radio, sell advertising for local pro grams. Short Wave — There are some 30 or 40 short wave broadcasting stations now operating. Advertising — Stations owned by government agencies broadcast no advertising. Sets in use — 500,000. Stations — Unknown. # # SWEDEN RUMANIA General — The use of radio by individuals has increased slowly since 1930. The economic crisis and the trading restrictions introduced in 1932 have curtailed imports of equipment and increased retail prices. These conditions have brought about the establishment of a domestic radio industry, which has met part of the demand for medium and low priced receiving sets since 1934. The restrictions have especially affected the development of a market for American radio apparatus and equipment. The demand for an inexpensive set of good quality, good appearance and performing satisfactorily both in winter and summer, such as American sets have proved General—On June 30 last receiving licenses numbered 1,156,781, or 174.1 per 1,000 inhabitants. This represents a steady increase from 1926, when the number was 242,559, and 1937 with 1,074,473. The trade estimates that sales of sets during 1937 were about 175,000. About the same as in 1936. Sales of foreign sets appear to be increasing. Swedish manufacturers supply about 75 per cent of the total. Sources of Supply — Philips, among the leading European suppliers, increased its sales of sets considerably in 1937 to between 40,000 and 45,000 units, according to estimates, although this is believed somewhat high. Telefunken lost ground, but is now making strenuous efforts to recover, having reorganized its staff in Sweden, among other things. Great Britain has been getting a good share in the portable set business which 956