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RADIO BROADCAST
than is the case with the cheap outfits. A still more expensive outfit, provided with wave amplifying and sound amplifying accessories, responds to even weaker waves still, so that it operates at great distances when the waves have become so weak or attenuated that they are no longer detected by the cheaper outfits. So it is a case of using a receiving set that is sufficiently sensitive to make use of such radio waves as are intercepted in any given locality.
Thus it comes about that the person located in a city near a broadcasting station can employ a very inexpensive set with excellent results. On the other hand, the farmer, some loo miles away, must employ a set costing ten times as much to receive the same broadcasting service. The cheap outfit does just as well as the expensive outfit under these circumstances; the farmer is simply paying for the distance which he has to span with his receiving set.
The usual method of intercepting radio waves is to use what is known as the antenna. This is simply one or two wires elevated a certain distance above the ground, and carefully insulated so that such wave energy as these wires intercept will not escape or leak before it can be brought to the receiving set.
The antenna should be at least 50 feet long, and for the best results, it should be at least 125 to 150 feet long. If the antenna is made longer than 1 50 feet, little is gained because it then becomes too long for the short wave length of radio broadcasting stations, and auxiliary apparatus must be employed to reduce the wave length of the antenna.
From the single or double-wire antenna, a single or double-wire arrangement is led down to the room containing the receiving instruments. This is known as the lead in. This wire is connected with the receiving set. Another connection is made between the receiving set and the ground, which may be a water pipe, a steam pipe, or a gas pipe, just so long as these pipes are known to be connected with the ground. In the country, where water pipes, gas pipes and steam pipes are not available, it is necessary to drive a length of iron pipe into damp soil, bury a copper or zinc plate in damp soil, or, again, to connect a wire to a pail which is lowered into a well or other body of water.
The antenna arrangement is mentioned in the foregoing only because it plays an important part in the selection of a receiving set. Other articles which are appearing in these
A receiving outfit of which the parts are screwed to a table top, and reduced to simple form. At the extreme left is the A battery switch; then come the duo-lateral coils, the primary and secondary condensers, and the detector and amplifier bulbs with their accessories. The six binding posts on the right are so arranged that three head sets may be connected at one time. Behind them is a double-throw switch for cutting in the loud speaker