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KING ELECTRON
Tells About Radio Regeneration
By R. H. RANGER
Engineer, Radio Corporation of America. Trade Mark "King Electron" for illustrations registration pending. R. H. Ranger
THERE is a squeaking and squawking in the radio receiver. The expressive word "birdies" has been used to describe them. But it is certain that everyone has noted them, particularly one who has a tube set. They are caused by false oscillations either in the home set or in a neighbor's set. A better understanding of the actions involved may reduce this nuisance.
Regeneration does not mean getting something for nothing ; it does mean making the most use out of the incoming signal to release the power of the batteries in the receiving set to give out sound. With the vacuum tubes as detectors or amplifiers, the receiving set may be considered as a trap ready to be sprung by the received signals.
Electrons. The little particles of negative electricity called electrons are everywhere as well as in the vacuum tubes. They are running around in any receiving set trying their best to follow the adjustments of the radio fan. In wires their paths are rather confined, but in the vacuum tubes they have considerable freedom, and as a result they can produce five or more times as much effect in a vacuum tube as they can in other ways.
IVhen a Radio Wave Arrives. For this par
ticular consideration, suppose a radio receiving aerial is set up connected through the condenser and coil of a tuning set to ground. On the reception of a radio signal, little electrons are sent scurrying down the aerial and the connected tuner to ground.
Of course, there may be many millions of these electrons concerned in any particular episode of radio action. But it may be just as well to represent the relative motions by only a few. In the drawings, consider that each electron represents a million million or so.
In the Tuner. Now the purpose of the tuner is to make a low resistance path for the travel of these electrons, such that with the continued waves coming from the transmitting station, they will develop quite a swinging motion, the sum total effect of which will be imposed upon the detector and telephone receivers.
If, due to the wave action, the electrons have rushed away from the top of the coil in the tuner, down toward the ground, the electrons from the vacuum tube will try to make up for the deficiency by going to the left from the grid of the vacuum tube through the grid-leak condenser to the top of the coil.
Grid Aciion. Now, one electron removed