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HIS EYE WITNESS REPORT OF HOW RADIO IS HELPING TO WASTE LIVES
son. Each class hates the other with a hatred born of past oppressions and injustices and fed by the emotional, hysterical nature of the Spanish people.
"The fighting men on both sides are careless of danger and death," Kaltenborn says. "It isn't courage that they show. All of them, Rebels and Loyalists, are whipped up into a white heat of fury at their 'enemies,' the opposing faction. There is simply no room in their minds, filled as they are with this hatred and bloodlust, for fear. That's why 1 say they don't show courage, because to be brave you must feel fear. They don't. They are calloused, indifferent ... I felt this spirit of hysteria — for it is a form of hysteria — taking hold of me, too, after I had been in the battle lines once or twice. It was an amazing demonstration of the power of mob emotion, to feel myself losing my natural fear and inclination to run from danger, gaining the same fatalistic and fearless attitude the Spaniards have."
It is largely radio which is keeping alive this fierce hatred between the people of Spain, by feeding it with an unending stream of propaganda, oratory, and downright lies. It supplements the addresses of the generals to the men in the battlefields; and in the cities, it keeps the war and its bitterness always in the minds of the civilians, preparing them for the time when they must take up arms to replace those who have been killed.
The spoken word is something alive, impossible to confine. A printed news story must pass through several hands before it reaches its reader, and it can then be read, and more carefully re-read. A radio report comes straight from mouth to ear, and it can be heard only once. For some strange psychological reason, it is easier to shriek untruths
over the radio, and make them sound plausible, than it is to print those some untruths in a newspaper.
The Spanish revolution has been a field day for radio liars. Fantastic news reports, flatly contradicting each other, are the. day-long fare of the Spanish listener. Cities are reported captured, or about (Continued on page 72)
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