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As Big as the World
(Continued from page 43)
home, or job, or community, according to their abilities, talents and desires) is a subject in itself and we won't go into it here; but I did want to note it because it is so very important.
To get back to the statement of principles, the last one is: 4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
The rest of the Charter is devoted to the setting up of the bodies within the United Nations Organization which will carry out these purposes.
Membership in the Organization is open to all peace-loving nations, who will fulfill the obligations they assume toward one another when they sign the Charter. All member nations retain their sovereignty — that is, they don't sign away any of their freedom, as long as their free actions don't hurt any other nation. And they are all members on an equal basis.
Some of the obligations the members assume are: that they will not use aggression against any other nation; that they will settle their international disputes by peaceful means; that they will not try to interfere in the political independence of any other nation; that they won't help any nation against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.
'T'HE Charter calls for the setting up •* of four main bodies — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice and the Secretariat — with such subsidiary bodies as will be necessary to carry out the purposes of the United Nations Organization.
The General Assembly will be the largest body in the organization, each member nation being represented on it and each nation having one vote in its decisions. The Assembly will discuss any and all matters that fall into the scope of the Charter. It will make recommendations to the other bodies in the Organization and it will always be kept advised of the activities of the other bodies.
The Security Council will be a small body. It will have eleven members. China, France, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States will be permanent members — for a very good reason. They, between them, have the greatest resources, the greatest potentialities for military power and the greatest industrial power in the world. But — and this is important — these five nations, even if they voted in a block on any issue, still could not dominate the Security Council. The other six members will be elected by the General Assembly. And each member nation on the Council will have one vote. Seven votes are necessary to pass all measures.
One of the obligations all signers of the Charter assume is to have certain air, land and sea forces ready for taking action against any nation that tries to settle a dispute by using force. However, the Charter does not say that American men, willy-nilly, will be sent into battle at the first sign of trouble. The Military Committee will decide the swiftest means of deploying troops in each case. There is also nothing in the Charter that says nations can't defend themselves if they are attacked. In fact, it makes a special point of saying that any action taken by a
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