United States of America v. Motion Picture Patents Company and others (1914)

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60 fringers. And it may also be safely said that, at least until the patentee has established the validity of his patent and the fact of infringement, he will not be permitted by a court of equity, and at the suit of even one who may eventually be held to be an infringer, to engage in acts of unfair competition. (298:) Briefly, the Sherman Antitrust Act makes it unlawful to conspire in restraint of interstate trade, or to monopolize or attempt to monopolize the same. The Supreme Court have described a conspiracy as a combination of two or more persons, by concerted action, to accomplish a criminal or unlawful purpose, or some purpose not unlawful in itself, by criminal or unlawful means. The act does not expressly except articles infringing a patent, nor does it refer to such articles entering into interstate commerce and in actual competition with a patented article. It is lawful for a patentee to exclude such competition. The patent laws expressly provide that he may do so and how7 he shall do it, and even if the combination or agreement complained of were to accomplish even a lawful thing, namely, the monopoly a patentee may have, still, under the definition of a conspiracy, that may not be attained by unlawful means ; and if those unlawful means are in fact in restraint of competitive business actually a part of interstate commerce, then the patentee has