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MANAGERS AND PROJECTIONISTS 21
resistance the current encounters in passing from one carbon tip to the other.
ARMATURE. — In a dynamo or motor a core of metal mounted on a shaft, around or upon which is a winding of wire, the whole being designed to rotate in a magnetic field, cut lines of magnetic force and thus produce electric energy, or power.
ARMATURE COIL.— That portion of the winding of an armature which would be traced in following an armature winding from one commutator segment to the next.
AUTOMATIC FIRE SHUTTER.— The shutter covering the aperture of a projector when it is at rest, the same being raised and held open by the action of a governor, when the projection speed is such that danger of igniting the film is eliminated.
A. W. G. — The abbreviation of "American Wire Gauge," which is also and commonly known as the "Brown & Sharpe" wire gauge. It is the standard in the United States and Canada. It measures wires from No. 40 (diameter .00314 of an inch) to 0000 (diameter .46 of an inch).
AXIS OF PROJECTION.— A straight line from center of film photograph to center of the image on the screen.
BACK END .OF ARMATURE.— End opposite from commutator.
BACK FOCUS.— The distance from film to first surface of a projection lens when the picture is in focus on the screen and the illuminant sufficiently distant to illuminate the film with parallel rays of light, as in the case of a film illuminated by the sun. A condition never, of course, met in actual practice. See "Working Distance."
BALANCED ARMATURE.— One which will run without vibration.
BALANCED LOAD. — A load carried by two generators, as in the 3-wire system, is said to be "balanced" when each generator carries an equal load,, or when the load is equal on both "sides" of the system.
BEAM OF LIGHT.— A bundle of light rays. A pencil or line of light of greater area of cross section than a single ray.
BLOWING A FUSE.— The melting of a fuse, usually due to overload, though it may be caused by mechanical heat generated by poor electrical contact of the fuse with its contacts.