Richardson's handbook of projection (1930)

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MANAGERS AND PROJECTIONISTS 1033 The Vacuum Tube as a Rectifier IN the preceding chapter of this work, you are told, in detail, in just what manner a vacuum tube is made to amplify current. I shall now proceed to explain how the same tube, or a similar one without a grid, may be used to rectify current, changing A. C. into D. C. NOTE. — While an amplifying tube may be used as a rectifier, it is not advisable to so use it, because (a) the grid may interfere unless connected with the plate, as explained further along, and (b) a tube once used as a rectifier will no longer function well as an amplifier. In the chapter which deals with the vacuum tube as an amplifier, it was explained that electric current may be considered as a stream of negatively charged "particles" of electricity, called "electrons," flowing from negative to positive in a vacuum tube, or along wires in an electric circuit. If the current be D. C. this stream moves along continuously and steadily in one direction, but if the current be alternating, then the electrons chase back and forth around the circuit alternately in opposite directions. The majority of commercial power and lighting systems operate with A. C, which reverses its direction sixty times per each second of time. That is to say, it flows in one direction for 1/120 of a second, which move