The sciopticon manual, explaining lantern projection in general, and the sciopticon apparatus in paricular (1877)

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BCIOPTICON MANUAL. 21 P.— action of the crystalline lens and the vitreous and aqueous humors. As the retina, R R R (Fig. 11), is con- cave, the centre of concavity being the optical centre, there is no need of adjusting the focus to a flat field. The eye is readily, for the most part unconsciously, ad- justed, so that an object upon which we fix our attention is at once in the centre of the field of view, and is focused according to its distance. These five troublesome properties enumerated in this chapter, are thus, in the eye, harmoniously reconciled. In art we lack the peculiar crystalline lens, and the con- cavity of field. Making amends for this lack interferes with other corrections. Efforts of various makers to effect the best compromise for particular kinds of work has given rise to lenses, in variety too numerous here to particularize. THE LANDSCAPE LENS. This simple achromatic lens (Fig. 12) is the oldest photographic lens in existence. It is composed of the . 12. concave lens of flint-glass /, and the convex lens of crown-glass c.