The sciopticon manual, explaining lantern projection in general, and the sciopticon apparatus in paricular (1877)

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SCIOPTICON MANUAL. 91 above the poles in the lantern; then allow iron filings to fall gently down the funnel, which will appear like large blocks attracted upward by a huge magnet. ASTRONOMICAL CARDS. —The cards may be cut to the size of the crystal slide, that is 3£ by 4£ inches, so as to be used in the grooved frame, like an ordinary glass slide. After correctly dotting a constellation of stars (which may be done by the use of theorem paper and a good map of the heavens), pierce the card at the several points, say with a darning needle, which may be made to show stars of different magnitudes by gauging the depth of the insertion. To illustrate the Solar System, punches of different sizes might be used and bits of colored gelatine, covering the aperture, might indicate the tints attributed to each member. PINHOLE OUTLINES. —Cards in shape of glass slides and just thick enough to be sufficiently stiff, may be pricked to show maps, mottoes, figures, diagrams, or any simple illustration. They require but little skill and show very distinctly. PERFORATIONS. —Two pieces of perforated paper or tin made to slide little by little over each other, in front of the condenser, and modified more or less by the tinters, produce beautiful symmetrical forms in great variety. PERSISTENCE OF VISION. —Apertures, as in a paper card, when moved rapidly in all directions in the plane of the slide, appear as lines of light on the same principle that a lighted stick waved about produces lines of light. A new slide, called the kaleidotrope, is constructed and hung to exhibit this curious effect.