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104 SCIOPTICON MANUAL. mosaic; the windows like jewelry, of small pieces of Venetian stained glass. Beautiful columns, and an elaborately worked balustrade, surround the holy stone (Es Sakrah, the rock), which Moslems believe to be the centre of the world, suspended from heaven by an invisi- ble golden chain. It is a mass of the native rock of Moriah, the sloping summit or peak of the hill; all the rest of the ridge was cut away when levelling the plat- form for the temple and its courts. THE TOWER OP HIPPICUS. —The only castle of any particular importance is that at the Jaffa Gate, com- monly called the " Tower of David/' The lower part is built of huge stones, roughly cut, and with a deep bevel around the edges. It is believed by many to bo the Hippicus of Josephus, and to this idea owes its chief importance, for the historian makes that the point of departure in laying down the line of the ancient walls of Jerusalem. THE CHURCH or THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. —The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is now in the joint possession of all the Eastern Christian sects. Greeks, Latins, Arme- nians, and Copts have each a chapel within its inclos- ures, which embrace the alleged sites of the place of the crucifixion and the tomb of the Kedeemer. It has been built at many different periods, and under various cir- cumstances. " The front is. a fine specimen/' says Lord Nugent, "of what is called the later Byzantine style of architec- ture." As lately as 1808, the whole of the principal cupola, and a great part of the church, were destroyed by fire. But some parts, and especially the Greek chapel, occupying the whole of the eastern end of the nave, have been restored with good taste and judgment, and