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8CIOPTICON MANUAL. 131 as a magic lantern, I very much preferred it on this account, to the more troublesome lime light. Its con- venience recommends it as an adjunct to the school-room and I found that very many of the most interesting ex- periments in physics, usually shown in a lantern, can be readily performed with the Sciopticon. My good friend, Prof. Henry Morton, of the Stevens Institute of Tech- nology, in Hoboken, has already described many of these experiments in your manual. I have told you how I have repeated many of them with very little expense in the way of apparatus, and I would now suggest to the would-be purchasers of your lanterns, that should they desire to use it as an adjunct to the lecture table, they need not be alarmed at the expenditure needed to pro- cure all the fixtures required to perfect it. One of the chief pleasures in its use is in the improvising of what is needed. Those who have long purses may prefer to purchase all needed pieces of apparatus, ready-made to their hand, but a few hints may serve to show how they can, with very little skill, prepare what will answer their purpose. As an illustration, let me recall the very pretty experiment usually called the broken arrow, which is shown to illustrate refraction. As an object in the lan- tern, a brass plate having an arrow-shaped opening in it (procurable at the instrument makers) is put in place, this throws upon the screen a white arrow on a dark ground; now, if in front of the brass plate a strip of thick glass, narrower than the length of the arrow, be held parallel with its surface, no distortion of the arrow image will be seen; but if the glass be inclined so that the rays of light pass through it obliquely, a piece of the arrow will seem to be cut out and be moved to one side. This is a striking illustration and can be impro- vised quite readily, as follows: Procure some slips of