See and hear : the journal on audio-visual learning (1945)

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Learning Through Films A SECOND GRADE AUDIO-VISUAL UTILIZATION REPORT by Cecil Brickner of the Lincoln School, Peoria, Illinois THAT LOOKS GOOD. What is it?" Several teachers and a small group ot interested children were gathered in the doorway of mv darkened room. "The Food Store," I answered abstractedly, barely glancing up from the screen as I hastily jotted down a word. There ;vas no further soinid save the busy hum of the projector, the intermittent \oice of the commentator, and an occasional word of appro\al from one of the teachers. "Yes," I thought, as the film unreeled itself, "this is just what I want to introduce our giocery store unit." The tantalizing displays of fruits, \egetables, and meats brought forth another idea. "And, it'll work in perfectly with Health." The film pictured Mr. Scott, the grocer, supplying his many customers with the necessities of life. The last scene faded from view. "This will give the children a good imderstanding of the grocer as another community helper." PLANNING PROCEDURES I had obser\ed that the film was well suited to the level of my second grade. I had made note of the following vocabulary terms to explain before showing the picture: cantaloupe, veal, cleaver, bargain, figs, and cash register. I knew the children might stop to puzzle over these as the) saw the film or even lose the thread of the story if they did not first become aware of the word meanings. And then, what really was the important information carried by the film? While the film was fresh in my mind, I listed these items for the pupils to look for: 1. How do fresh vegetables and fruits reach us from a great distance? 2. What articles come from other coimtries? 3. ^\'hat foods are especially healthful? 4. How does Mr. Scott sell his merchandise: by weight, measin-e, etc.? PREPARATION And then came the dav to use the film. "What did you have for breakfast this morning, children?" Several children named the \'arious things they had eaten. I asked in turn where they got each of the articles. "From the store," was the answer in each case. I inquired ■(vhere the store got the food. They told me that the bread for toast had come from the baker, the butter and milk from the dairy, the eggs and bacon from the farm, and the oranges from a fruit farm in the south. No one knew just where the coffee which their father and mother had drunk had been raised. I read to the group "The Storekeeper," by Henry B. Lent. This * Tlie Food Slore. 0 min.. Encyclopaedia Biilannica Films. Inc.; W'M Wiliiictte Ave, W'iliiu'llc, Illinois. How are vegetables transporled; how are How are fruits and vegetables frozen? fhey sold? A scene fronn "Food Store". What keeps them fresh on open display? gi\es an intriguing account of the far-off places from which grapes, oranges, dates, tea, coffee, pineapples, sugar, bananas, and olives travel to get to the food store. "How We Get Our Food," by Ethel K. Howard was passed around so that all saw the \ery fine illustrations. The puzzling terms which I had noted were explained. I then told the children that I had a film. The Food Store, which would show them manv things that they had discussed. I had written on the board the four things that I wanted the children to discover from the film; and we read them over together. FIRST FILM SHOWING Bonnetta was our chairman for the week. "Alonzo," said she, "please pull down the shades. Jerry, you may plug the loud speaker in; Fred, you hook up the projector cord. Everybody come up to the front of the room. Terry, turn out the lights." My small group sat on the floor, not closer to the screen than twice the width of the image, not farther away than six times the width of the image, and at no greater angle to the screen than forty-five degrees. I had set up and threaded the projector before the session had begun in order to save time. I ran the film without interruption to give an overall picture of the story. The children gave it their rapt attention. As the attractive racks of carrots and cabbage appeared on the screen, Cora Bell exclaimed, "Vegetables! They're good for us." When Mr. Scott went into the meat storeroom. Dean said, "Oo-oo! It's coo-old in there!" DISCUSSION As soon as the film was finished, we raised the shades and windows, for the room had become a little (continued on page twenty-nine) Where did this meat come from? (Scenes courtesy of Encyclopaedia Brit. Films, Inc.) TT '^ «^ 1 # f £l„ 20 SEE & HEAR