See and hear : the journal on audio-visual learning (1945)

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counterpart of these sections was then laid out on the beaver board base, and the characteristics within each section were copied from the original on to the enlarged base grid. Note how the contour intervals of 50 feet were observed in this case. If the low-lying nature of the land merited smaller elevation intervals, this would be indicated on the origi- nal map. Be sure to secure a contour map (one which includes contour lines), because this is the real basis for the construction of a terrain map. The second step is an interesting one, but rather a painstaking one. Tracing paper should be laid over completed, (Fig. 2); the lower right- hand has not been completed. The difference, of course, is evident. The third step is followed because of the inadequacy of the cardboard contour areas to interpret the nat- ural base correctly. For this reason the abrupt differences in level, which appear between contour lines, must be smoothed off as they are in nature by superimposing some plastic type of material. One plastic type of coating can be accomplished in the following way: Make a mixture using one part library paste, two parts wood pulp, four parts plaster of paris, and water sufficient for heavy batter-like con- sistency. Smooth the rough contour map with this mixture, adding water when necessary to allow better work- ing of the mixture into the gaps between the contour lines repre- sented by the edges of the corrugated cardboard. It is necessary to work rather quickly to prevent the mix- ture from hardening too soon. After you have satisfied yourself that the contour edge line has been properly and smoothly filled in with the plastic mixture, allow the map to dry. Next, sand off the roughness somewhat, and then shellac the sur- face. The final step is accomplished when the given elevations are col- ored to the same color scale used on commercially-produced maps; blue for water areas, light brown for low elevations, and darker shades of brown for higher elevations. The swamp areas should be flecked with brown. Finally a key to the color symbols showing the shades of differ- ent elevations should be attached. (See Fig. 3.) The terrain map is now ready for study. The opportunity of young learners to attach significance to color and elevation because of their previous firsthand acquaintance with the land area, which the terrain map portrays, is the first and most impor- tant step in map study. From this point it is reasonable to expect the students to make correct interpreta- tions of terrain or physical feature maps of lands which lie far away. the enlarged contour line map. which has been drawn on the beaver board base. Each contour line (see Fig. 1); the 900-foot line, the 950- foot line, the 1,000-foot line, should be traced completely and separately on tracing paper, and then trans- ferred with carbon paper to individ- ual sheets of corrugated cardboard, (about 1/8-% 6 inch thick.) The corrugated cardboard should then be cut out so that there is a complete model for each contour line in cardboard form. These, then, should be glued in place on their appropriate positions on the beaver board base. The result of this opera- tion is shown partially completed in Figure 2. The rough character- istics of the land area, its elevations and depressions, are now visible. The lower lefthand part of the map is MAY • 1947 39