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58 SELECTING FILMS FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES a. Getting facts, or serving as a direct source of information. b. Developing concepts, or a broader sensory development. c. Promoting thought. d. Developing attitudes and interests. e. Socializing. /. Reviewing, summarizing, or testing. 3. Set the stage. It is most important that the class should be ready and eager for the film showing. This motivation may be accomplished in a number of ways. Hollinger suggests that a preliminary test be given in order "to stimulate a desire to know, or to develop skill, and to direct attention to important ideas in the motion picture." 15 Others suggest listing of the purposes for the showing on the blackboard in the form of questions to be answered by the film. In some situations the teacher may intro- duce the ideas to be gained from the film by map work to orientate the pupils to the place to be seen in the picture; by socialized dis- cussion drawn from the class regarding their present knowledge of the subject to be pictured; and by raising questions as to what the picture should add to their present knowledge. Any number of such attention-gaining devices may be utilized by the alert teacher after he has previewed a particular film and determined upon its use with his particular group. A large number of such suggestions for adapting a film to the current interests and capacities of a class and for introducing the use of the film in the day's lesson are made by Brunstetter in How to Use the Educational Sound Film. 16 He suggests that the films be suited to the grade level of the group by drilling on un- usual words prior to the film showing and by concentrating on the essentials which the class should know in the film. He suggests also ways in which the environment of the children may be uti- lized in preparing for the film showing and how the film may be related to the other school activities. Most significant to social studies teachers are his suggestions for dramatizations by pupils or teacher leading up to the film showing and the use of maps, 15 John A. Hollinger, "An Effective Learning Technique Using Motion Pictures," Thirteenth Yearbook. Washington, D.C.: Department of Elementary School Prin- cipals, XIII (June, 1934), p. 349. 18 M. R. Brunstetter, How to Use the Educational Sound Film, Chap. III. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1937.