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SCT’
Irs History 75
sharp, horizontal serifs (which followed letter forms in manuscripts of several hundred years before). These innovations exercised a great influence on the development of typography.
Thorne’s ‘‘Fat Grotesque,” designed in England in 1800, was a novel and popular face. Louis Perrin, at about the same time, cut new faces based on ancient Latin inscriptions. ‘Scotch Roman,” a popular book type, evolved in about 1830. And “Revived Old Style,” another serviceable Scotch type, came along some twenty years later.
Theodore De Vinne, leading American printer of the last of the 19th century and the first of the 20th, was responsible (in 1876) for the introduction of the “Century” faces. Use of the point system for measuring type was introduced in America at about the same time.
One of the great milestones in printing was the invention in 1885 by Otmar Mergenthaler of the linotype machine which introduced a great new era in printing.
William Morris in England in 1891 exercised an important influence on type, introducing strong designs, including his “Golden type.”
The 20th century brought “Cheltenham,” designed in the United States by Goodhue and Kimball. And ‘Cloister’ and adaptions of Garamond’s faces were finding immediate favor. “Cooper” was accepted with enthusiasm. Frederic W. Goudy, American titan of type, was soon producing many great and popular faces which will wield an influence upon the designing of type for many years to come. Modern advertising is especially indebted to Goudy for his influence on the development of bold, clear, legible and attractive type.
Different type foundries each may feature a version of a popular type style. Several type foundries, for instance, produce “Garamond” faces with very slight variance in design and all based on Garamond’s types.
Foundries each may produce a type of different name, but of great similarity—for example, ‘‘Stymie,” “Beton,” “Memphis,” “Karnak” and “Girder,” which follow the same basic design. Types, obviously may be based on the same idea, varying but slightly except by name.
Because of the similarity of type faces it is best before specifying a certain type to find out if the printer has the type available in the size desired. He may be obliged to substitute a comparable type face or a different version of the same basic design.
Many thousands of type faces have been cut and introduced since Gutenberg’s first black-letter type-set line, but the most popular faces, the most legible and most frequently used types can be found within a count of scarcely more