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112 Sixty Years of 16mm Film President Truman's Commission, which published its report on the Health Needs of the Nation in 1953 Probably the major deterrent to continued use of films by unions is the lack of good films. The library of union-produced films has increased considerably in the last three years, but the number of good discussion films for general citizenship education, as well as for direct union use, is still remarkably small. The bulk of such com- mercial 16mm productions is made for the grade and high schools; colleges, universities, and community groups are apparently not con- sidered a profitable market by the commercial educational film pro- ducers. A number of films produced by the Army, United Nations, and U.S. government have helped to fill some of the gaps. To illus- trate, the Army's Film Tactics is useful in training unionists in the techniques of film use; the United Nations' Fate of a Child is very effective in promoting discussion on the problems of underdeveloped areas; and U.S. government films such as Valley of the Tennessee, EGA-produced The Other Paris, and the State Department's Expand- ing World Relationships are also excellent for discussion purposes. These are too few and far between, however. Union film users con- tinue to clamor for more and better films. To help use existing films with maximum effectiveness, unions and universities have been carrying on union leadership training pro- grams which teach film utilization skills. Among these is Roosevelt College's Labor Education Division's Film Service, which has devel- oped a special program under a grant from the Inter-University Labor Education Committee. In addition to loaning films (some ninety prints) to union groups, which many other universities also do, the Film*Service supplies film and filmstrip equipment and carries on training classes in film use. In a year and a half over 9,000 unionists participated in film showings and some sixty union officers and educa- tion chairmen of local unions have taken part in short-term film dis- cussion leader classes. The classes are designed to acquaint the union participants with fifteen of the better films useful in unions, to develop a workable knowledge of the mechanics of equipment usage, and to give class members practice and help in film discussion leadership. The first session is given over to mastering the threading and running of three different 16mm projector models. In subsequent sessions, each member of the class has an opportunity to run the projector. This schedule has proved sufficient to insure intelligent use of equipment and films. Maximum class time is given over to discussion leadership