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124 Sixty Years of 16mm Film of reading worked out for him by the librarian became increasingly rare. At the same time the Armed Services had proved the value of the film as an educational tool. These three elements—the increase of the library's service to groups, the decrease of the number of readers seeking guided reading, and the recognition of the film as a valuable medium of information and aesthetic gratification—combined to give libraries a strong impetus to add films to the more traditional library materials. John Grierson stated the case for film service in public libraries as follows: "The unique qualification of the public library at act as a coordinator for the visual media lies in the fact that it is .the only community institution which serves the whole public . . . the members of the American Library Association could . . . become a powerful agency for the creation of an intelligent community approach to the visual media." In 1924 ALA created the Visual Methods Committee which in 1940 became the Audio-Visual Committee. In 1947 the Carnegie Corporation made a grant to ALA for the establishment of a Film Advisory Service at ALA Headquarters, to assist librarians on policy, administration, selection of materials, bibliographic and refer- ence work in films, and to promote library cooperation with other agencies working with information films. At the time this office was established, with Mrs. Patricia Blair Cory as Library Film Advisor, only a dozen libraries had film collec- tions of their own. In March 1953 there were 166 libraries providing film service to their communities, either through collections which they owned or through participation in a film circuit. During the month of March 1953 these libraries circulated 70,314 films, which were shown to 3,728.428 people. Many other libraries provide infor- mation about films to their patrons and/or a film booking service. There are in the United States only 111 libraries in cities of 100.000 and over. Local resources and needs differ, but it is the opinion of many librarians that it is not generally practical for librar- ies in cities smaller than 100,000 to own their own film collections. Establishing and maintaining an adequate service is beyond the budget of most smaller libraries, and the films reach a saturation point in the smaller community. A library should have high standards for its film collection as well as for its book collection. A film library which is overbalanced with out-of-date government films, shorts which are old and in poor taste, children's films which, however meritorious, are meant for the classroom, and dull and/or blatant industrials is doing