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188 Sixty Years of 16mm Film 4. Are there any serious omissions in the content? 5. How effective are the positive or negative examples? 6. Is the treatment of content effective in terms of the pur- poses of the film? 7. Are the range of material and the range of appeal to maturity level compatible with using the film at a given grade level for a specified purpose? IV. General factors 1. Do the component parts of the motion picture comple- ment and supplement each other in such a fashion as to result in a film which gives a total impression of unity and a satisfactory synthesis? 2. Does the film serve a socially desirable and educationally important purpose? Some educators, interested in improving practices in the evalu- ation of motion pictures for educational purposes, have gone a step beyond the formulation of lists of criteria and have developed rating scales assigning values—sometimes specific and sometimes general— to the various criteria in an attempt to assist evaluators in being more precise in their evaluations. Joseph J. Weber's early rating scale, probably the first to be developed, assigned equal ratings of twenty points each to five broad criteria: interest, problem-raising, information, social values, and mechanics. In his instructions to the evaluator, Weber said: "Immedi- ately after seeing the film, reflect in solitude upon its merits in the light of each of the foregoing standards. Assign scores ranging from 0 to* 20. Find the total and assign the mark." Motion picture rating scales have been developed by others— Devereux. Doane, Kirwin, Lemler, and Fitzwater. Numerous special- ized rating scales have been developed, outstanding among which are the Training Film Evaluation Form developed by the U.S. Navy, the Film Appraisal Form developed by the Medical Film Institute of the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the Experimental Evaluation Form developed by the Audio-Visual Laboratory, Institute of Adult Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. The use of carefully constructed, specialized, and detailed filrn evaluation forms tends to serve four primary functions: provide quite complete information on the film, facilitate film selection, improve film use, and improve film production.