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APPENDIX 4
(3) Personal Service.
This group includes domestic servants, waiters and waitresses, assistants in hairdressing and beauty culture establishments, cinema and theatre attendants, porters and lift attendants. Their employment, too, is dependent on the outward maintenance of a certain standard of life, which is not always easy on the salaries which they earn.
(4) Public Administration and Public Utility Services.
Lower-grade civil servants who are doing responsible work but who have little prospect of rising in the social scale come into this fourth group, together with officials and clerical workers in the local Government services. Officials in the transport services and post-office and telegraph workers may also be included.
(5) The Lower Professions.
It is more difficult to decide which of the professional groups can rightly be considered as part of the Mittel-Schichten. Members of the medical and both branches of the legal profession cannot be included. These professions are of very ancient standing, their members have an assured place in society, the training is a lengthy and expensive process, the technique required for the practice of the profession is of the highest order, and the possibilities of remuneration are very great. Of the next professional grade — dentists, architects, engineers, vets, surveyors, accountants, etc. — very many members of these professions may fall outside the Mittel-Schichten group, though the majority probably fall within it. The low professional groups — pharmacists, opticians, nurses, midwives, estate agents, auctioneers, etc. — can be grouped within the MittelSchichten. They are skilled, but less highly so than the higher professions; they are unlikely to have any property background and are therefore dependent on earning. The nature of their work demands the maintenance of a high standard of life, although their social position is not assured.
The underlying characteristic of the whole Mittel-Schichten class is its frustration, which is the result of social insecurity and lack of political power. Its members both need and wish to maintain a fairly high standard of life. Socially they seek to emulate the upper middle class, even if this results only in a cheap imitation. They wish to have good housing accommodation, detached or semidetached and with a garden, though this involves the aid of a building society. They wish to have up-to-date furniture, radio
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