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8 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
cell in this method; and, as far as is known that was the first use made of it.
From this it may be seen that Lauste holds the distinction of establishing the master patents through which the sound on the film pictures of to-day have been made possible. It is interesting to note that at this writing Lauste is alive and active, although past seventy years of age. It is understood that he is in somewhat straitened circumstances, for he has spent in excess of $100,000 in his effort to have his invention recognized. Even to-day he is steadily continuing his experiments in a little workshop in Bloomfield, New Jersey. His present hope is to develop a new type of amplifying device which may prove as revolutionary as his earlier inventions in the picture field.
In 1917 a United States patent and a number of foreign patents were granted to William H. Bristol for an entertainment apparatus, combining motion pictures and sound records synchronized by what was known as the "Michalke" device for transmitting motion. A score or more patents have been issued in many countries. Most of them have now expired and are in the public domain.
In 192 1 Sven Bergland, of Stockholm, Sweden, showed a device for talking pictures there. In 1922 Vladimar Tovelson, of Denmark, announced some discoveries in the synchronization of sound and photographed action. In 1923 Dr. Lee DeForest presented sound pictures which were shown in several theatres. The DeForest method is understood to parallel the system employed by Lauste. That is, through the use of a photo-electric cell, the sound light ray is imprinted on sensitive photographic film coincidentally with the photographing of the action. While DeForest used the same means to make the sound record as Lauste, his method of reproduction differed in that he employed radio tubes. These amplified the light ray that electrically reproduces the variations of the photographed sound.