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66 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
equipment and the various controls. It is sometimes necessary, particularly in older theatres, to rearrange and enlarge the projection room. Then space must be found in a separately enclosed room to house the storage batteries.
The auditorium itself requires specific study, because upon its characteristics is based the size of the installation. The systems are not standard but are built to meet conditions imposed by theatres, from the largest to the smallest, and careful selection is necessary in order to insure sufficient sound volume. In the case of an existing theatre, blueprints of the auditorium are not always available. It frequently becomes necessary, therefore, for the engineer to take dimensions himself, since the cubical volume is an important factor. Seating capacity and distribution of seats also exert their influence, and the general acoustics of the house must be considered. The proper degree of reverberation may be calculated, bearing in mind the absorptive effect of the audience. Echoes of interference of any description, such as internal or external disturbing noises, naturally must have an effect upon the ultimate installations. The ultimate and specific study of acoustic properties is made when the system is finally tested, but engineers may observe or anticipate certain general effects during the survey process.
The size and the layout of the stage must receive consideration with particular reference to the location of the horns and of the special screen to be used with the system. When a theatre shows motion pictures alone the horns may be permanently located on a suitable structure. If, however, vaudeville or stage presentations are included, the problem requires greater study. In such cases the horns may be placed on movable towers or on an elevator lift that disappears into the floor of the stage, or they may be flown from battens. In some instances a specially contrived