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72 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
depressing. Greater electrical power will be required to fill the house with comfortable sound volume, but the effect of the presence of the audience will be relatively slighter than it is in a reverberant house.
Echoes, generally speaking, are due to too great differences in the lengths of the sound paths of direct and reflected sound which reach an auditor in a given position in a room. An interval of about iV second is noticeable. Proper location of the source of sound, or the placing of drapery material over the offending reflecting surface, will ordinarily correct echo.
Interference is usually produced by the crossing of many trains of sound waves reflected from various parts of the room. It results in distortion and is overcome by proper placing of absorbent matter.
Resonance results from a surface consisting of some thin, hard material which is free to vibrate as a diaphragm at its own natural frequency. Thus, sound may be reinforced. Distortion will probably result, since only that portion of complex sound whose frequency is near the natural period of the resonator is affected.
Fortified with a knowledge of these general acoustic considerations, and bearing in mind the three prime requisites to good hearing, i. e., that sound should be sufficiently but not unnaturally loud for all auditors, that successive sounds be clear and distinct, and that the components of complex sound should retain their relative intensities, the engineer makes his acoustic adjustments. He usually tests first for sound distribution and arranges his horns so that, in so far as is possible, all portions of the house receive a like amount. Good distribution can normally be obtained by proper flaring and tilting of the horns. Any acoustic peculiarities are then investigated and, if possible, corrected. Slight variation in the location of the horns may result in quite marked differences in the results