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80 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
the aperture, but if the break is above the aperture it is necessary to stop the machine. It is therefore important to take every precaution in advance to prevent breaks. In patching film that is played with records, it is essential to replace the film cut out with the exact number of frames of blank film that have been eliminated, if correct synchronization is to be maintained. A supply of blank film and cement must naturally be on hand at all times. Even as little as a few inches of eliminated film will cause nonsynchronization. Synchronized film is numbered on the edge of each sixteenth frame. Therefore it is easy to calculate the exact number of frames that are to be patched. Such film taken from the print, in order to make the patch, should be placed in an envelope. One should also mark the number of the reel from which it has been taken, and return it, together with the print, to the exchange at the close of the engagement.
Inspection of all film and records must be made in advance in order to insure their perfect condition in time for the performance. Used or broken records must be returned to the distributor.
Sound pictures cannot be cut or speeded up as an ordinary operation, but must be maintained at a speed of ninety feet per minute.
In case of emergency, projectionists should endeavour to locate the trouble with the aid of the instruction booklet that is furnished. In addition, the nearest service station must be informed immediately. When a service station is out of town, it is best to call the representative on the long distance telephone, and to give him a report of the difficulty.
To avoid the many difficulties encountered in sound projection because of faulty needles, projectionists should examine each needle individually before using. All needles not of standard thickness, or with points so blunted that