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92 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
so that changes could be prescribed to anticipate defects.
Therefore we now have a solution of the riddles of reverberation and echo; and it is possible, as I say, to predict acoustic properties from plans and specifications, to point out the particularly defective features of any proposed construction, and to specify the necessary remedy. Professor Sabine's methods are thus not only thoroughly scientific, but also of remarkable practical use to the architect as well as the engineer. No studio or auditorium, large or small, should be constructed unless it is designed in accordance with these principles.
In the new domain of our industry, the degree of fidelity of the reproduced sound to the original is dependent equally upon the acoustics of the producing studio and upon the recording apparatus. Therefore it can readily be seen that proper acoustical treatment is of importance not only in the studio, where the sound is first recorded, but also in the theatre, where sound is exhibited.
Now, the most common defect in acoustics is reverberation. This may briefly be defined as a reecho; that is, the sound is prolonged unduly before its energy is exhausted. In recording one of the important acoustic characteristics of a room is its so-called time of reverberation. Experiment has proved that the shape of the room and the distribution and character of the damping surface play a part in the excellence of recording, but the time of reverberation is probably the most important single factor.
Ip. order to get a natural sound record in a studio microphones are so placed as to imitate our ears; and in order to establish good acoustical conditions the walls are covered with soft absorbing materials. The problem of deadening existing walls and floors is quite as important a matter of construction as that of introducing deafening materials later. Since the importance of the former element has not been appreciated, carpets or absorbent materials are used