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98 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
They consist of several so-called partials. The predominating partial is known as the fundamental tone. The relative intensity of all the upper partials gives colour and character to this fundamental. If the sound-absorbing interior finish of a room has the effect of blotting out the upper register to a greater degree than it does sounds of the lower register, it washes out the upper partials and overtones which give a certain quality to music. Since in music the overtones and partials provide quality and character to the fundamentals it is desirable to use materials to absorb the same amount of sound over the entire scale of pitch, so that orchestrations may be maintained in their original relationship. It can readily be seen that this factor has a very decided influence on the fidelity with which sound films are reproduced in a theatre.
Ventilating equipment must be designed before installation so that the noises caused by the rush of air through grilles, coiling, and walls should not enter the theatre. Hangings are an aid in perfecting acoustics, and carpets used in the aisles, corridors, etc., prevent noise from walking and from the shuffling of feet.
It is characteristic of all building materials, and soundabsorbing finishes as well, that they absorb much more sound in the higher frequencies above 250 cycles per second than below 250 cycles. This has a noticeable effect in the manner of emphasizing the bass at the expense of high-pitch instruments and voices, and also has a considerable detrimental effect on tone quality.
The size and shape of an auditorium determine the distance travelled by the sound between reflections, while the materials used in the construction determine the loss at each reflection. It is therefore possible for two auditoriums to be designed exactly alike and yet have entirely different acoustical characteristics. The Mormon Tabernacle at Salt Lake City illustrates a remarkable acoustical