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210 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
director or artist immediately hear and criticize the results of the effort can hardly be overestimated.
After a "wax" record is adjudged satisfactory, it is electroplated. This is called the "master." From it, usually, two test pressings are made. If these are satisfactory the master is in turn electroplated with a positive, being first treated so that the positive plate is easily removed. The latter is sometimes called an "original." From it, in turn, is plated a metal mould, or "stamper." From this duplicate originals may be plated; and from them duplicate moulds or "stampers." Because of the practice of making a number of duplicates it is possible to safeguard the "master" and insure against any accident that may destroy a valuable record. From a single "stamper" it is not unusual to make one thousand finished pressings.
Important advances have been made within the last few years in the design of electric reproducing structures. The bearing pressure at the needle point has been reduced, and proper mechanical loads have been provided so that the needle point will exactly follow undulations of the grooves without being set into continuous vibration. This results not only in a longer life for both needles and records, but (which is more important) in more faithful response to the higher pitched tones in the record. Incidentally, I may mention the fact that the developments of this type are due principally to the engineers of the Bell Telephone laboratories and it is now being used by the Victor Talking Machine Company in its apparatus.
Yet this process of sound recording on wax, synchronized to the film, has brought about a number of conditions not previously encountered in the phonograph field. The most important of these relate to the editing, cutting, and rearranging of a picture. Rearrangement of sound on records is entirely practical; portions may be deleted or portions may be added. Either the whole may be changed